The ear is an organ that is able to detect / recognize a lot of sound & also play a role in balance and body position. Vertebrate animals have ears on the same basis from fish to humans, with some variation according to the function and species.
Every vertebrate has one pair of ears, another one is located symmetrically on the opposite side of the head, to maintain balance and sound localization.
Sound is a form of energy that moves through air, water, or other objects, in a wave. Although the ear that detect sound, the introduction and interpretation functions performed in the brain and central nervous system. Sound stimuli delivered to the brain through nerves that connect the ear and brain (vestibulocochlear nerve). Table of Contents [hide]
A human ear
1. Section ears
2. The outer ear
3. The outer ear and culture
4. The middle ear
5. The inner ear
6. Hearing
7. Balance Organ
Two auditory organs of invertebrate animals
Human ear
Anatomy of the human ear
Ear The ear consists of three parts: the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.
Outer ear
The outside is the outermost part of the ear. The outer ear consists of the ear, the ear canal and outer ear canal. The outer ear includes the auricle or pinna, Liang ear or external auditory meatus, and the ear drum or tympanic membrane. Parts of the ear serves to help direct sound into the ear canal and eventually into the eardrum. The design is so complex in the outer ear serves to capture the sound and the most important part is the ear canal. This channel is the result of the composition of bone and cartilage are coated with thin skin.
In the channel there are many glands that produce a waxy substance called cerumen or earwax. Only the lines that produce wax that has a little hair. At the end of the channel there is a continued sound eardrum to the inner ear.
Inflammation of the ear is called otitis externa. This usually happens because the habit of scraping the ear & be a problem for people with diabetes mellitus (DM / sick sugar)
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Outer ear and culture
Although the ears are not so important, this section is often used to improve facial appearance. In Western societies, the ears are too big and looks not symmetric will worsen the appearance. The first surgeon to overcome was published in 1881.
Pierced ears.
Ear jewelry is also a place for thousands of years, especially with pierced ears. In some cultures, jewelry is placed to attract and enlarge the earlobes. Culture is still found in Indonesia, namely the Dayak tribe in Kalimantan.
The middle ear
The middle ear includes the eardrum, three auditory bones (hammer or malleus, anvil or incus, and stirrup or stapes). Eustachius channels are also located in the middle ear.
Sound vibrations received by the eardrum will be delivered to bone loss. Each hearing will deliver a bone vibration to the next bone. Stirrup bone which is the smallest bone in the body's vibrations to the cochlea or continue the cochlea.
In humans and other land animals, the middle ear and auditory channels will be filled with air under normal circumstances. Not like on the outside, the air in the middle ear are not associated with the air outside the body. Eustachius channel connecting the middle ear space behind the pharynx. Under ordinary circumstances, relationships and the middle ear Eustachius channel closed and open at the time to chew and yawn. This explains why the passenger plane was 'temporary deafness' during takeoff. Sense of deafness caused by the difference in pressure between the surrounding air. The air pressure in the vicinity have been dropped, while in the middle ear is an air pressure of the mainland. This difference can be overcome with something to chew or yawn mechanism.
Inflammation or infection in the ear is called otitis media
3 different memorization techniques so as not to reverse bone loss, as follows: 3 bone loss is a hammer, anvil and stirrup. Technique is to look at the letters behind each name is bone loss, and equate with the first letter of the name of the next (Marti (l), (l) you (san), (san) ggurdi) is important we know the first letter / word before him,,,
Ear in
Hearing
Cross-section of the cochlea. Endolimfe contained in the scale of the media - a bright green area in the center of the diagram.
The inner ear consists of osea labyrinth (maze of bones), a series of cavities in the bone periosteum-coated temples filled with fluid perilimfe & membranasea labyrinth, which lies deeper and has a fluid endolimfe.
In front there is a labyrinth or cochlea cochlea. Trdiri cochlear cross section of three parts, namely the level of the scale vestibuli, medium scale, and scale tympani. The bottom of the scale vestibuli through the stapes associated with the so-called webbed casement window oval, while the tympanic scale associated with middle ear through the round hatch.
The top of the scale of the media is limited by the vestibular membrane or Reissner membrane and lower bounded by membranes basilaris. Above basilaris membrane that functions contained organo Corti transform sound vibrations into impulses. Organo Corti consists of hair cells and ancillary cells. On top of the hair cell membranes are composed of gelatin tektorial flexible, whereas the hair cells will be connected with parts of the brain with the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Balance organs
In addition to the hearing, the inner ear balance there is Indra manager or vestibular organ. This section is structurally located in the back of the labyrinth that forms the structure of the utricle and saccule as well as three semi-circular channel or channel bun or semicircular. The five sections are functions to manage the balance of body and has the hair cells to be linked to the balance of the hearing nerve.
Auditory organs of invertebrate animals
Only vertebrate animals have ears, although some invertebrates are able to detect sound with a certain sense. In insects, the tympanic organ is used to hear voices.
Some animals also use his feet to get to know sounds like the spiders and cockroaches. Caterpillars use the feather on his body to feel the vibration and allow them to respond to sound.
